History and Future Trends in Smartphone Technology

Presentation The ongoing progressions in innovation has had such an effect on the general public that the vast majority of the individuals tend to convey their mobile phone 24 hours per day and 7 days per week. They don't want to leave their home without their mobile phone and the time they will in general spend in their house is primarily spent on their PC and in this way both the PC and PDA has become their closest companion. This is the motivation behind why the Smartphone innovation has become an extraordinary bit of innovation for a large portion of the people (Aldhaban, 2012). The Smartphone gives them across the board compact gadget that endeavors to coordinate the elements of a phone along with the elements of a PC. The report for the most part centers upon the historical backdrop of Smartphone innovation, the effect of Smartphone innovation on the general public, future forecast of the Smartphone innovation and its effect on ICT polished skill gives that incorporate the morals, security and protection. History of Smartphone Technology Cell phone can be considered as a moderately new bit of innovation and with the progression of time the Smartphone are being presented stacked with a few new highlights. The development has been depicted underneath: 1992 IBM created the first Smartphone nicknamed Simon and was stacked with highlights like email administrations, contact screen, address book, adding machine and schedule. 1996 Arrangement of Smartphone were propelled by Nokia which were viewed as a cross between a mobile phone and a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). 2000 R380 was propelled by Ericson which was a touch screen Smartphone that utilized Symbian working framework. 2002 Blackberry was propelled with its email administrations and QWERTY keypad and was stacked with different highlights that included MP3 player, camera and remote innovation. Again it likewise promoted the trade email. 2005 Sony Ericson propelled the N-arrangement Smartphone focused towards the businessmen since it was stacked with figuring capacities. 2007 Apple iPhone was presented with monstrous application store. 2008 Android working framework was presented in the market which was bolstered by engineers like HTC, Google and different designers. Presently The significant players in the market are ceaselessly presenting new and refreshed rendition of the Smartphone with fundamental concentration after contribution high web speeds. The fundamental highlights of the Smartphone that are broadly valued by the people incorporate Push Email administrations, Exchange that give help with refreshing the data once and having it appeared on different gadgets that are utilized by the people, the ActiveSync and numerous others. These highlights give help to the individuals to get to their messages and lead their business while they are on their go. Positive Impact of Smartphone Technology on Society With the quick advancement of the people into the vulnerability of future, it is seen that individuals are turning out to be increasingly more innovation canny and it is for the most part seen in the more youthful age of the general public (Joo Sang, 2013). Something new is presented in the market sometimes and consequently the dynamic idea of innovation is advancing consistently that has made the Smartphone an image of current personality. While centering upon the effect of Smartphone innovation on the general public it very well may be said that it has prompted an expansion in long range informal communication. Despite the fact that person to person communication destinations like Facebook and MySpace left before the presentation of first Smartphone however the pith of long range interpersonal communication was felt when the different Smartphone applications made it workable for the clients to share the news and occasions, update their statuses and utilize the data shared by the others from the convenientce of portable framework. Hence the people with the assistance of Smartphone innovation and web based life have figured out how to execute the things at the correct time. Therefore the mix of Smartphone and Social Media endeavors to offer: An upgraded approach to speak with others. Presentation on a worldwide scale. Business advancement. Vocation and learning development Notwithstanding the above realities, the different utilizations of the Smartphone likewise help the people to monitor their every day lives and consequently they can depend on their Smartphone to make them wake up from the rest which can be viewed as a vastly improved and advanced programmable alerts in contrast with the customary morning timers. Then again the clever updates and the schedule applications likewise continues reminding the people with respect to what is significant (Xu et al., 2011). It has made the lives of the people simpler by presenting a move in the worldview from utilizing conventional pen and paper arrangement of recording the information to recording the information with the assistance of the Smartphone innovation. So these highlights are utilized by the business experts to help them to remember their significant classes and gatherings. Again the Smartphone has likewise changed the people into energetic perusers. The people are not, at this point required to convey the packs of books and magazines or stay tuned to get the most recent features. The people can without much of a stretch access the different magazines and news features with the assistance of the uses of the Smartphone innovation. The SIM fueled phablets and tablets that utilize the Smartphone innovation encourage the people with more extensive screens to peruse the stuffs. The Smartphone innovation endeavors to give the people fast web network with the assistance of which the people keep themselves refreshed with the progressions that occur in practically all the circles. Regardless of the way that whether an individual is a specialist who looks for most recent data on stocks and shares or a science-clever understudy who looks for the most recent punctures of data that have been discharged by NASA, the Smartphone innovation has an application that can f ill the individual needs. The Smartphone gadgets likewise encourage the people to book their air/rail tickets in a problem free way. Again the quick digitization in practically all the fields of the advanced life has been conceivable due to systems administration and the advantages of systems administration have been duplicated with the assistance of the portable web network. The Smartphone innovation and the gadgets have made the lives of individuals simpler and agreeable and has additionally improved the expectations for everyday comforts of the people. In this manner it very well may be gathered that the Smartphone innovation prompts an adjustment in human brain science and subsequently the people are turning out to be progressively social living beings. This has prompted revelation of the idle Hive Mentality among the people (Luxton et al., 2011). The ongoing headways in neuroscience likewise give confirmations of this sort of attitude among the people where the gathering of individuals are progressing towards the condition of being a super-life form. Future Prediction of Smartphone Technology Watching the quick headways that are occurring in innovation it very well may be anticipated that too keen Artificial Intelligence would make the Smartphone significantly more impressive than today for business purposes. The future expectations have been depicted underneath: Environmental factors Analysis At present the Smartphone can associate with a Bluetooth sign and in this way stream the sound to the vehicle yet in the coming 30 years the telephones will turn out to be increasingly mindful. As the telephones would interface with the indoor regulator and consequently the temperature would be balanced by the inclination of the person. It would likewise help in increasing moment data in regards to the accessible associations, the inn bill and the climate. Data Recording Later on it very well may be anticipated that the Smartphone would transform into computerized recorders that would record each place, occasions and encounters. As when an individual would stroll into a meeting room, the sensors in the Smartphone would take advantage of the telephones of others preset at the gathering and in this manner record their names, proficient encounters and their ongoing voyages. Again the Artificial Intelligence would recognize what the individual need to record and along these lines would play out the activity without the intercession of the person. Acclimating the world The Smartphone help the people to comprehend their general surroundings yet later on it would go a lot further as a keen specialist of learning. The individual would talk into their telephone and it would make an interpretation of it into any language continuously. There are some applications that play out the activity at present however they don't work appropriately. The telephone would have a thought of the inclinations of the individual and along these lines would associate them to the local administrations. As on the off chance that an individual preferences soccer, at that point the telephone would tell the person about the city that has as of late improved a soccer field in the close by zone. Partner with others Later on it is anticipated that the Smartphone would check the individuals with same mindset and it would encourage the person to hold multiplayer matches with the close by gamers. The future Smartphone would gamify the circumstance on the inclination of the person. Moreover it can likewise be anticipated that the Smartphone would likewise become paper meager promotion would charge remotely and the people would be fit for anticipating a top quality screen on a divider to appreciate a greater screen. Effect of Smartphone Technology on ICT Professionalism Issues that incorporate Ethics, Privacy and Security It has been seen that despite the fact that the Smartphone innovation has upgraded the lives of the people and has improved the expectations for everyday comforts except it additionally has some adverse effects thinking about the components like protection and security of ICT polished methodology. With the rise of Smartphone, the people will in general store their own information and data in their PDA and furthermore lead their business exchanges over their telephone (Kra

Exploration and History of Banned Books

Investigation and History of Banned Books A restricted book is one that has been expelled from the racks of a library, book shop, orâ classroom as a result of its dubious substance. Now and again, restricted books of the past have been scorched and additionally rejected distribution. Ownership of restricted books has now and again been viewed as a demonstration of conspiracy or sin, which was deserving of death, torment, jail time, or different demonstrations of revenge. A book might be tested or prohibited on political, strict, sexual, or social grounds. We take the demonstrations of restricting or testing a book as a genuine issue on the grounds that these are types of censorshipstriking at the very center of our opportunity to peruse. The History of Banned Books A book might be viewed as a prohibited book if the work has been restricted before. We despite everything talk about these books and the oversight encompassing them not just in light of the fact that it gives us understanding into the time in which the book was restricted, however it additionally gives us some point of view on books that are prohibited and tested today.Many of the books that we consider rather tame today were once fervently discussed works of writing. At that point, obviously, books that were once well known blockbusters are in some cases tested or restricted in study halls or libraries on the grounds that the social perspective and additionally language that was acknowledged at the hour of the books distribution is not, at this point considered proper to peruse. Time has a method of changing our point of view on writing. Why Discuss Banned Books? Obviously, in light of the fact that a book has been restricted or tested in certain pieces of the United States doesnt mean it has happened where you live. You might be one of the blessed rare sorts of people who have never experienced forbidding. That is the reason its so significant for us to examine the truth of prohibited books.Its critical to think about the cases that are occurring in different pieces of the United States, and its imperative to know about the instances of book forbidding and restriction that are occurring far and wide. Acquittal International focuses on only a couple of authors from China, Eritrea, Iran, Myanmar, and Saudi Arabia, who have been abused for their compositions.

Its that time of the year again

It’s that time of the year again A reminder: Fall 2006 UROP Direct Funding (Funds from UROP) Deadline: Thursday, Thursday September 14, 2006. Keep in mind that there are three options when doing a UROP: UROP for Pay: Up to $1,250 per semester, which works out to $9.00/hour, when you are funded by the UROP office. Need to fill out some paperwork. Your project may also qualify for special funds, for example two years ago I was funded by the Cathy M. Comeau Memorial Fund which supports women UROP students pursing research in the School of Science. It?Æ'?s pretty easy to apply for one of these awards, just write that you are applying for the award on your proposal coversheet. If youre lucky, you can get supervisor funding. UROP for Credit: Paperwork is due by November 2, 2006. Register on Reg. Day or fill out an Add/Drop form. You can register as a pass/fail UROP or as a graded UROP. But, note that if you are doing a Course 6 or Course 8 UROP or if you are a freshman, then you cannot get graded credit. UROP for Volunteer: Paperwork is due on November 2, 2006. This is the easiest way to get a UROP, most people will be more willing to hire you and there is not a lot of hassle with filling out timecards. All of this information can be found on the UROP Guidelines website. If you?Æ'?re interested in doing a UROP this semester, now is the time to look. There are many very neat opportunities available, you can go to the UROP site for more detailed information. Heres a summary of whats available: Study contemporary culture by contacting and interviewing musicians Develop software for a machine that weighs nanoparticles Build a perceptually-based sound synthesizer Write software for educational role-playing games Collect data from bilingual children to learn about language acquisition Develop new MRI sensors Flight data analysis And the list goes on and on. But of course, doing a UROP is a serious responsibility. The UROP website reminds you to consider your commitment: Can you commit yourself to 6-10 hours of UROP research per week?   Can you afford the time away from your coursework?   Can you work on a project for more than one term? Most faculty want continuity in their research teams. One term may not be enough for both you and your faculty supervisor to benefit from a research collaboration. What area of research do you want to pursue? Do you want to explore a possible major? Gain experience in an area of interest? Exercise your creativity?

Measuring Crime And Crime Statistics - 1876 Words

Measuring crime helps criminal justice agencies to reflect on the effectiveness of policies in existence and correctly target resources. Crime statistics are therefore central to solving crime in England and Wales. In order for crime to be tackled effectively, it is vital that it is measured accurately. There are two sources of crime statistics published annually in the UK namely police recorded crime and the Crime Survey of England and Wales. According to the Crime Survey of England and Wales, in total there were 7.1 million incidents of crime in 2013-2014. Although there has been an 11% reduction in crime, several categories of crime such as sexual offences, fraud and public order offences are up from the previous year. In comparison, latest figures from police recorded crime shows no overall change from the previous year, with 3.7 million offences recorded in the year ending March 2014. Whilst Left Realists argue that crime statistics are an accurate indicator of the state of cri me in society, the disparities between the sources of crime statistics suggest that crime statistics provide an inaccurate measurement of crime in the UK. Marxists believe that crime statistics are flawed and manipulated by the government in an attempt to deceive the public. Research calculated by Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary supports this view as it revealed that more than 800,000 offences are left off the official crime figure in England and Wales each year. It is clear thatShow MoreRelatedOutline and assess the usefulness of official statistics in measuring crime676 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Sociology: Outline and assess the usefulness of official statistics in measuring crime. Crime is basically any sort of behaviour or an act which breaks laws of a society and is punished by the legal system. What is considered criminal or deviant is culturally determined. This means that what is considered criminal or deviant changes with time and place, as the values, norms and expectations change. What may not be acceptable in one society at a particular time may be acceptable in another countryRead MoreMeasuring Crime1070 Words   |  5 PagesMeasuring Crime in the United States Kyra Pettit CJA/204 August 5, 2013 Dr. Wafeeq Sabir Measuring Crime in the United States In the following paper, these criminal justice students will address the three major points of crime measurement in the United States. Even though there may be changes of crime statistics, but not changes in the crime rate; that is because crime can be measured in numerous ways. Two measuring systems being the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and UniformRead MoreCrime And Its Measurement Of Crime1675 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion focuses on crime and its measurement which is one of the most controversial topics in modern times. There has been a lot of debates by politicians, the media and the general public whether crime is falling or rising. We shall attempt a definition of what is crime, what are crime statistics, what is known and not known about crime in England and Wales, the techniques used in measuring crime, and the evaluation of the strength and weaknesses of the different ways of measuring crime. Our final discussionRead MoreA Brief Note On Crime And Its Measurem ent1647 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion focuses on crime and its measurement which is one of the most controversial topics in modern times. There has been a lot of debates by politicians, the media and the general public whether crime is falling or rising. We shall attempt a definition of what is crime, what are crime statistics, what is known and not known about crime in England and Wales, the techniques used in measuring crime, and the evaluation of the strength and weaknesses of the different ways of measuring crime. Our final discussionRead MoreDifficulties Involved in Defining and Measuring Crime and Deviance1049 Words   |  5 Pagesthe problems between crime and deviance, what counts as crime and deviance and how it varies with place and time. It will include the difference and similarities and give examples of defining crime and deviance. Finally the essay moves on to looking at how to identify why official statistics do not reflect in today’s society and may not be totally accurate. Crime is usually looked upon as an infringement of criminal law where as deviance has a vast and wider approach to crime and is consequentlyRead MoreMeasuring Crime Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesMeasuring Measuring Crime Crime measurement and statistics for police departments are very important when it comes to money allotment, staffing needs or termination and it is also used to determine the effectiveness of new laws and programs. There are three tools used to measure major crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Reports, National Crime Victimization Survey and the National Incident BasedRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report And Crime Statistics1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Uniform Crime Report represents police reported crime statistics. It includes a number of reported offences, actual offences, offences cleared by charge, and offences cleared otherwise (Morden, H. K. and Palys, T., 2015). The police-reported crime statistics best represent the positivist perspective. It is not biased, and complete, accurate, and standardized to facilitate temporal and spatial comparisons (Morden, H. K. and Palys, T., 2015). It also believes that Criminal Code reflects society’sRead MoreCrime Statistics An d Juvenile Crime951 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Crime Statistics The paper will focus and highlight some details of the statistics of juvenile crime statistics and juvenile crime itself. Is an aim to evaluate the reduction in national juvenile arrest, narcotics offenses, minor assaults, and the allegations regarding minor females, with the incousion of ethnic and racial classes. Additionally, data will be shown on the increase in arrest for minor females, the contrast in decrease for their male delinquent counterparts and voilent crimes andRead MoreA Comparative Analysis Of Official Crime Statistics And Unofficial Measures Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesclaim that crime is increasing or decreasing in New Zealand is a statement with various inbuilt assumptions. Crime is not a simple notion to define, nor is it easy to measure. This essay will perform a comparative analysis between ‘Official Crime Statistics’ and unofficial measures, highlighting that both methods are limited in reflecting the true nature and scope of crime, as the not ion of crime is contested. Official crime statistics follow a positivist approach, assuming that crime is a staticRead More The Distinction Between Crime and Deviance Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pages Crime statistics exist entirely to measure levels of crime inside society; so, the purpose of this essay is to illustrate whether or not the statistical data on crime and deviance provides a true measurement of criminal occurrences in British society. The distinction between crime and deviance is going to be explored and a clear understanding of how they differentiate from each other will be gained. The terms Formal and Informal social control will be identified and their differences determined

Discipline Process For Special Education - 1039 Words

Discipline Process Matthew Trotti Grand Canyon University: SPD 510 9/23/15 Discipline Process For students with special education it is stated under IDEA that â€Å"with regards to school discipline, schools may consider each situation on a case-by-case basis when determining if a change of placement appropriate for a special education child who violates school education code† (Understanding School Discipline for Special Education Students). The discipline process for students with disabilities in the special education program can be a difficult topic for most school districts. This paper will answer questions from the case scenario considering what should happen immediately to Charlie?, what services, if any, are provided to Charlie during his removal to an IAES?, and who needs to be contacted?. This paper will also consider the topic of if a manifestation determination review is held for Charlie answering questions on what disciplinary actions are permissible?, What, if, any, services will be provided to Charlie during the duration of the discipli nary action?, and finally what happens if Charlie’s parents appeal the manifestation determination?. Case Scenario In the case scenario you have Charlie a 5th grade student with special education services. Charlie is acting out of the norm of how he normally acts in school and is caught stealing software. After being caught and while retrieving his things from class he then threatens his teacher therefore causing him to getShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Discipline And Discipline Problems1185 Words   |  5 PagesIn a perfect world, there are schools that have the best students along with the greatest teachers where discipline is never an issue because everyone follows the rules. In reality there are not any schools that fall into this category so therefore administrators must embrace the fact that sometime during the course of the year, there will be issues that involves students and discipline problems. Problems will arise throughout the year and the administrators must make sure they do their best in beingRead MoreStudents With Special Needs Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pageswit h students in special education who receive instruction through their individualized education plan (IEP). These students in special education are protected under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which is legislation that presides over the special education process for students until they reach the legal age of twenty-one. These laws that ensure that special education students receive a quality, free education but they can complicate the discipline process for school administratorsRead MoreActing With Integrity And Fairness Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesdue process procedures for student discipline, and 2.The student intern will review the current administration of student discipline and attendance policies. Administrators come across situations every day that demand due process. As an instructional leader, the principal should treat everyone fairly and procedurally. I have examined the laws of Due Process and their application at Palmetto School. This project benefitted me in learning about the due process procedures for student discipline andRead MoreDiscipline in High School and Elementary Education Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Discipline in High School and Elementary Education Grand Canyon University: SPE-350 January 10, 2014 When it comes to special education, discipline is a major concern in this area because many students are incessantly being expelled for their behavior issues that are caused by their disabilities. With the previous law students were excluded from school and received long suspension time because of their behavioral problems but when the new law was passed in 2004 students thatRead MoreGraduation Speech On Special Education942 Words   |  4 PagesAmid the rush of the last week of school, I was able to sit down with my principal, who is retiring after 32 years in education. He has spent the majority of it as a building administrator, but the 22 years have been spread over elementary, middle, and high school populations. Originally, he taught high school Spanish and is fluent in several languages. He talks to all our students in Spanish at some point during their high school experience, which gives those studying the language the opportunityRead MoreGeneral Education And Special Ed ucation930 Words   |  4 PagesCo-Teaching Expectations Division of Labor General education and special education teacher are require to work together as a team to ensure the students in the inclusive classroom setting is learning with the accurate accommodation and tools to fit their needs. The general education and special education teacher work together to create a lesson plan to which it targets all areas of learning for all students in the inclusive classroom setting. Both teachers should sit together to discuss their concernsRead MoreThehistory of Special Education1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Special Education and the Laws Associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Latrena Y. Haynes Grand Canyon University: SPE - 526 March 05, 2014 Abstract Special education is a type of education for students with special needs. The term is usually abbreviated as SPED which can also mean Saving People Every Day. This includes people who are different from normal people whether they are a baby, toddler, young adult, or an adult. This includes peopleRead MoreProfessional : Self Assessment And Professional Standards1111 Words   |  5 PagesAccreditation of Teacher Education† (Council for Exceptional Children.2015, Retrieved May 13, 2015). The Council for Exceptional Children incorporated specialty set into seven preparation standards organized by: learners and learning environment, curricular knowledge, assessment, specialized pedagogical skills, and professional collaboration skills. The specialty sets that the CEC used are made up of two parts: knowledge and skills that are shared across the special education discipline which are joinedRead More Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesprincipl e behind IDEA was to ensure an equal opportunity for all children. In order to affect that idea, we have to find a balance between all children’s needs. In 1975, came the passage of the federal Education of All Handicapped Children Act, now revised as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 1990). For handicapped children, the law was long overdue. The designers of IDEA saw themselves as progressive reformers, designing fairer, more responsive schools. The lawmakers were attemptingRead MoreLegal Framework Differences : Regular And Special Students Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesLegal Framework Differences: Regular and Special Students/Public and Private Schools During the interview we addressed the legal framework for students whether special education and general education students attending private and public school. â€Å"Private schools are not obligated to adhere to Special Education Laws. Many private schools do not accept students with disabilities. Public schools receive funding from the Federal Government for students with disabilities but private schools,† (Pritchett

K Final Report Free Essays

string(70) " after very thorough inspection, the plant begins operation each day\." Report On Marketing Management KN’s (Marketing Mix) Submitted To: Madam Shumaila Dilawar Submitted By: Aneela Jabbar BB-08-15 Aqsa Mehmood BB-08-06 Arif Zafar BB-08-8 Rabeea Rafiq BB-08-33 Sahar Naveed BB-08-54 Sana Fatima Malik BB-08-64 Zobia Malik BB-08-19 Dedication We dedicate this work solely to our loving and supporting friends and teachers and those who have ever been praying for our success. Acknowledgements First and foremost, we would like to thank our Creator, Family and Friends for their undying love. We would never have come so far without them. We will write a custom essay sample on K Final Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now We would also like to take this opportunity to thank my teacher, Madam Shumaila Dilawar, for her insightful guidance. Last but not least, we would like to thank our friends at Institute of Management Sciences that have always been proved helpful. For everything that is right, credit goes to all of the above. For anything that is wrong, we are culpable. Preface Practical leaning is an essential part of my education and it is the specialty that distinct the department of IMS from others. To have deep understanding of the concepts, only theoretical knowledge does not provide the concrete base. In this report we have bridge that gap. The knowledge we acquired through this experience will be long lasting. Since we ourselves explored the field o work and analyzed different factors and variables. Introduction of KN’s KN’s, a founding pillar and beacon for Pakistan’s Poultry Industry started in 1964 with a single minded objective of providing better nutrition for health and happiness of the nation. Building on years of poultry expertise and commitment to food-safety, KN’s integrated all poultry production activities under one umbrella to bring you safe and healthy chicken by managing and controlling all stages of production. The year 1964; Pakistan a young independent nation forging ahead towards a dream: self sufficiency in food production. Malnutrition remained a major problem and one out of four children died before attaining the age of five. 80% of ailing children were affected with diseases caused by protein, vitamin and mineral deficiency. Poultry production, the quickest and least expensive way of filling the protein gap was planned to overcome malnutrition. Backyard poultry farming had to graduate to a more professional level. January 1964, a young man, Khalil Sattar, still a college student, had the vision to foresee a need to establish a poultry farm. His interest led him to start a small broiler farm of 1,000 chicks. Little had he known this flock was to become the foundation stone of KN’s? This was the simple, inspired and nationalistic beginning of KN’s with a single-minded objective of providing better nutrition for Health and Happiness of the Nation. Poultry Breeding KN’s maintains layer and broiler parent stock populations in different regions of Pakistan. Layer parent stock farms are located in the south and broiler parents are bred in the colder mountainous northern region. Both types of parents are housed at isolated breeder farms. To ensure strict bio-security, all breeder farms work on the important principle of all-in-all-out to avoid multiple ages at any breeder farm. Breeding stock is housed in environment-controlled houses equipped with most modern ventilation, cooling and heating equipment. Some of the world’s best performances have been achieved at KN’s. Strict bio-security measures are taken at all farms to reduce the risk of disease transmission through mechanically and physically transferred disease causative agents. Careful attention is paid to bird health, vaccination, weightage and selection to maintain healthy and uniform breeding flocks. Hatching-eggs are cooled down inside air conditioned, humidified egg-rooms, packed and dispatched in sanitized and environment-controlled vehicles to company owned hatcheries located throughout Pakistan. Hatching KN’s operates several strategically located hatcheries covering all day-old chick markets to ensure delivery of high quality layer and broiler day-old chicks to commercial farmers throughout Pakistan. All hatcheries are equipped with most modern cooling, heating and humidification systems to provide a uniform and consistent hatchery environment independent of varying outdoor weather conditions. Incubators from world-renowned manufacturers are installed at all hatcheries and their performance data is recorded and monitored by a computerized incubation monitoring system. Upon arrival from breeder farms, hatching-eggs are candled at all hatcheries to remove eggs, which may have cracked during transit. Sanitation and hygiene is enhanced by mechanically transferring eggs from one type of tray onto another until chicks are harvested from hatchers. Maximum care is exercised while handling, reconstituting and administering vaccines using proper techniques and modern equipment. To ensure chicks get off to the healthiest start and stay protected from viral diseases, they receive inject able and spray vaccinations at the hatchery. Day-old chicks are delivered to farmers in environment-controlled chick delivery vehicles to maintain quality during transit. After making deliveries, vehicles are washed and disinfected before entering the hatchery premises to avoid any risk of carrying disease causative agents back to the hatchery from the field. Feed Milling To ensure consistent performance with high standards, our chickens really live on a healthy and well balanced diet. It is based on: natural grain products such as corn, corn gluten, rice and wheat; oil seed meals such as soybean, canola and sunflower; fish; oyster shells supplemented with multi-vitamins and minerals. Feed is always tested by our quality assurance lab to ensure it is wholesome because KN’s does not compromise on quality. Feed is also supplied to our day-old chick customers and growers for realizing the profit potential of KN’s quality day-old chicks. Poultry Processing At our state-of-the-art poultry processing plant, only healthy chickens are used to produce high quality, safe and healthy chicken products. Chickens are Halal slaughtered by hand (Islamic Zabeeha) strictly according to The Shariah. After Halal slaughter, chickens are processed in the most hygienic and automated manner. During processing, the birds are washed inside out and our veterinarians constantly examine the birds to confirm they are wholesome. Cleaning is constant and each evening the entire operation is completely washed and sanitized. Only after very thorough inspection, the plant begins operation each day. You read "K Final Report" in category "Essay examples" All chickens pass through veterinary inspection to confirm they are wholesome. To keep a continuous check on quality, hygiene and food-safety, random samples are collected from the processing line for lab testing. Some chickens are prepared to ship whole; others are packed as bone-in cuts or boneless products. Products for quality and food-safety conscious institutions – such as hotels, restaurants, airlines, clubs and international restaurant chains – are cut according to their specific requirements and packed in bulk packaging. Products for retail are packed in KN’s branded packaging and individually weighed, adding another step to K quality control. Products are then blast frozen at a very low temperature of –30? C to ensure product freshness, taste and food-safety. Ready-to-Cook and Fully Cooked Products Some chickens are used for preparing our ready-to-cook and fully cooked chicken products using state-of-the-art meat preparation and production equipment. Choicest meat is carved and select ingredients are added to our premium chicken meat, for preparing flavorful high-quality products such as burger patties, nuggets and kababs. Our world-class value-added chicken products are individually quick frozen using Individual Quick Freezing (IQF) Technology. Distribution System and K Distribution stores Products are stored at -21? C to maintain freshness. Packed products are moved into K sanitized refrigerated trucks for distribution to ensure uncompromising quality control. K chicken products are available at K Chicken Stores and leading retailers and also delivered to quality and food-safety conscious institutions such as hotels, restaurants, airlines, clubs and international restaurant chains. Quality Assurance Lab K state-of-the-art Quality Assurance Lab monitors the entire integration process, from livestock to feed and on to preparation of ready-to-cook fully cooked products. The entire integration process is monitored and regulated to ensure K chicken products are wholesome, safe and healthy. K Poultry Diagnostic and Research Institute With the assistance of US Agency for International Development, K Poultry Diagnostic and Research Institute was established in collaboration with Pakistan Agricultural Research Council. It is a very well equipped and state-of-the-art disease diagnostic, feed and feed raw material testing laboratory which provides invaluable service to Pakistan’s poultry industry through research and extension service in close coordination with K Advisory Service. Certifications †¢K’s ensures food-safety by implementing the HACCP* (international food-safety) System to produce safe and healthy chicken chicken products. ( *HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) — pronounced ‘hassap’— is an international food-safety system for preventing microbiological, chemical and physical contamination along the food supply chain. †¢Quality Management System at KN’s is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Through this internationally recognized quality management system, KN’s is able to control and monitor quality specific factors, which ensure consistency in its products and services while assuring customer satisfaction. †¢Chicken s are HALAL slaughtered by hand (Islamic Zabeeha) strictly according to The Shariah. KN’s slaughtering procedure has been assessed by Darul-Ifta ofJamia Ashrafia and Jamia Naeemia, both authentic institutions for granting Halal certification. Corporate Social Responsibility KN’s Advisory Service, a division of KN’s, provides invaluable service to customers and the industry through the Nation’s widest network of sales, technical and extension service centers’. This division employs the nation’s largest team of veterinarians, nutritionist and highly experienced technical staff, and publishes technical bulletins, brochures, management guides and other advisory literature for customers, and also provides them with practical on-spot technical know-how. Seminars are organized in all major cities and rural poultry centers where local and foreign experts are invited to address poultry farmers on latest poultry developments. Free of charge vaccination and de-betaking service is extended to customers, and least-cost feed formulations are also provided to farmers. Technical training programmes for poultry farmers are regularly organized and training is also imparted for carrying out vaccination and de-betaking. Through the training process, KN’s has made a significant contribution to Pakistan’s rural development. Tens of thousands of skilled and semi-skilled workers have been trained to provide service to industry, and to earn a livelihood for themselves and their families. Marketing Mix These are actually the 4 P’s of marketing. Marketing decisions generally falls into the following four controllable categories. Product Product is the actually offering by the company to its targeted customers which also includes value added stuff. Product may be tangible (goods) or intangible (services). While formulating the marketing strategy, product decisions include: †¢What to offer? †¢Brand name Packaging †¢Quality †¢Appearance †¢Functionality †¢Accessories †¢Installation †¢After sale services †¢Warranty Price Price includes the pricing strategy of the company for its products. How much customer should pay for a product? Pricing strategy not only related to the profit margins but also helps in finding target customers. Pricing decision also influence the choice of marketing channels. Price decisions include: †¢Pricing Strategy (Penetration, Skim, etc) †¢List Price †¢payment period †¢Discounts †¢Financing †¢Credit terms Using price as a weapon for rivals is as old as mankind. But it’s risky too. Consumers are often sensitive for price, discounts and additional offers. Another aspect of pricing is that expensive products are considered of good quality. Place (Placement) It not only includes the place where the product is placed, all those activities performed by the company to ensure the availability of the product to the targeted customers. Availability of the product at the right place, at the right time and in the right quantity is crucial in placement decisions. Placement decisions include: †¢Placement †¢Distribution channels †¢Logistics Inventory †¢Order processing †¢Market coverage †¢selection of channel members Promotion Promotion includes all communication and selling activities to persuade future prospects to buy the product. Promotion decisions include: †¢Advertising †¢Media Types †¢Message †¢Budgets †¢Sales promotion †¢Personal selling †¢Public relations †¢Direct market ing As these costs are huge as compared to product price, so it’s good to perform a break-even analysis before allocating the budget. It helps in determining whether the new customers are worth of promotion cost or not. Product Features For customers psychological benefits represent certain benefits they perceive to receive when using the product though these may be difficult to measure and may vary by customer. These benefits address needs such as status within a group, risk reduction, sense of independence, and happiness. Such benefits are developed through promotional efforts that target customer’s internal makeup. Four basic objectives of absolute integrity, enthusiastic diligence, continuous improvement and high quality maintenance are at the core of all operations which provide an impelling urge for attaining perfection. Driven by its basic objectives in pursuit of perfection, KN’s is committed to have superior product and unmatched service through devoted people and consistent development K products K have different product lines, but we will discuss only a single product line which is Ready to Cook meal. This category includes: †¢Nuggets †¢Chappli kabab †¢Burger patties †¢Chicken tempura †¢Kofta †¢Combo wings †¢Croquettes †¢Haray bharay nuggets †¢Hot tenders †¢Fun nuggets K from the very beginning has focused on providing better nutrition for the health and happiness of the nation. Quality is very first priority that will make them build strong and profitable customer relationships. They are managing and controlling all stages of production in order to ensure 100% safe and healthy production of our product. Our product offers consumptions, attention to satisfy desire or need in the market. Level of Product †¢ Core Benefit: providing the good taste. †¢ Actual Product: our product includes all ingredients in packaging according to the core benefit. †¢ Augmented Product: our product provide some benefits which are related to product just as recipe. Branding Branding involves decisions that establish an identity for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from competitors’ offerings. In markets where competition is fierce and where customers may select from among many competitive products, creating an identity through branding is essential. It is particularly important in helping position the product (see discussion of product position) in the minds of the product’s target market Brand Names and Brand Marks At a very basic level branding is achieved through the use of unique brand names and brand marks. The brand name, which may be either the individual product name or a name applied to a group or family of products, is important for many reasons including suggesting what the product is or does (e. g. , Mop-and-Glow). The name is also what we utter when we discuss the product (i. e. , word-of-mouth marketing). The brand mark is a design element, such as a symbol (e. g. , Nike swoosh ), logo (e. g. , Yahoo! graphic), a character (e. g. , Keebler elves) or even a sound (e. g. , Intel inside sound), that provides visual or auditory recognition for the product. K brand Along with the developed brand identity and trust reposed by customers, K has established its name in international market as well. It is a well-developed and promoted brand. It is a strong brand which is leading to financial advantages through the concept of Brand Equity in which the brand itself becomes valuable. Packaging Nearly all tangible products (i. e. , goods) are sold to customers within a container or package that, as we will discuss, serves many purposes including protecting the product during shipment. In a few cases, such as with certain produce items, the final customer may purchase the product without a package but the produce marketer still faces packaging decisions when it comes to shipping to the store. Factors in Packaging Decisions Packaging decisions are important for several reasons including †¢Protection – Packaging is used to protect the product from damage during shipping and handling, and to lessen spoilage if the project is exposed to air or other elements. †¢Added Value – Packaging design and structure can add value to a product. For instance, benefits can be obtained from package structures that make the product easier to use while stylistic designs can make the product more attractive to display in the customer’s home †¢Visibility – Packaging design is used to capture customers’ attention as they are shopping or glancing through a catalog or website. †¢Distributor Acceptance – Packaging decisions must not only be accepted by the final customer, they may also have to be accepted by distributors who sell the product for the supplier. †¢Cost – Packaging can represent a significant portion of a product’s elling price. †¢Long Term Decision – When companies create a new package it is most often with the intention of having the design on the market for an extended period of time. In fact, changing a product’s packaging too frequently can have negative effects K packaging Each product is wrapped in butter paper, and then packed in sealed pl astic bags that are safe for health, and then finally packed in the box. Some chickens are prepared to ship whole; others are packed as bone-in cuts or boneless products. Products for retail are packed in K’s branded packaging and individually weighed, adding another step to KN’s quality control. Products are then blast frozen at a very low temperature of –30? C to ensure product freshness, taste and food-safety. Labeling Most packages, whether final customer packaging or distribution packaging, are imprinted with information intended to assist the customer. For consumer products, labeling decisions are extremely important for the following reasons. †¢Labels serve to capture the attention of shoppers. The use of catchy words may cause strolling customers to stop and evaluate the product. †¢The label is likely to be the first thing a new customer sees and thus offers their first impression of the product. †¢The label provides customers with product information to aid their purchase decision or help improve the customer’s experience when using the product (e. g. , recipes). †¢In some countries many products, including food and pharmaceuticals, are required by law to contain certain labels such as listing ingredients, providing nutritional information or including usage warning information. KN’s labeling ?KN’s label is to attract the attention of the customers. ?COLOUR is attractive sharp red which is eye catching. These are the things which are listed on the wrappers ?Ingredients ?Nutrition Facts ?Procedure Nuggets Nutrition Facts Serving Size: 5 pieces (110g) Amount per serving Calories 263 Calories from Fat 147 % Daily Value* Total Fat 16. 30g Total Carbohydrate 14. 2g Fibers 1. 98g Protein 14. 90g Salt 1. 6g25% 5% 8% 30% * % Daily Value based on 2000 Calorie diet. Your daily value may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs. Procedure Appliances and utensils vary; adjust heating times accordingly. Do not defrost Karahi (Wok): Preheat oil to frying temperature (180 °C). Deep fry frozen Nuggets for 3 minutes, or until golden brown. Oven: Preheat oven to 230 °C. Bake frozen Nuggets on a baking sheet (turning halfway through baking) for 5 minutes, or until golden brown PRICING STRATEGIES Pricing is the monetary value of the benefit that a customer is paying to get that particular benefit. So a company is very careful in setting its prices. As we know that there are two types of new product pricing strategies Market skimming pricing †¢Market penetration pricing For its product KNs have selected the market penetration pricing strategy. They apply this strategy to keep their product prices lower so that by doing this we attract a large numbers of buyers and also to gain large market shares. The reason for not using market skimming strategy is that as its product is an eatable product and there is no se nse of keeping high prices for an eatable product, because as KNs knows that skimming strategies are for luxury products. PRICE ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES After penetrating into the market, KNs will adopt adjustment strategies in order to increase its sales and attract more customers. Basically these adjustment strategies are according to the taste, culture and the changing situation of the market. Following are the price adjustment strategies. Segmented pricing. Psychological pricing. Promotional pricing. Geographical pricing. International pricing. DISCOUNT AND ALLOWANCE PRICING KNs applies this strategy by giving quantity discount to its customers. Quantity Discount: KNs gives quantity discount by offering â€Å"buy one get one free† offers. Besides this KNs also gives discount to those customers who will buy in bulk or in large quantity. Segmented pricing: KNs launched its product in almost all the parts of the country with almost the same prices. They segmented their product price in the following ways. Time pricing strategy: In time pricing KNs lowers its prices according to different seasons. It reduces prices in Ramadan season, as its demand is more in that season. Promotional pricing: This strategy involves temporary lowering of the prices of the product below the cost to increase the short run sales. KNs applies this strategy when any one of its competitor lower its product price in order to grab market shares. To compete with them it also lowers its product price so that it can retain its market shares. Geographic pricing: In Geographic pricing KNs adopts freight absorption strategy. Freight absorption strategy: KNs do not add freight charges to its product price in order to keep its product price lower, as its focus is to capture more customers. International pricing: As KNs is not yet internationally recognized so KNs do not set international prices for its products. KNs is only serving nationwide so it sets prices of its product nationally. PRICE CHANGES: Some time companies have to initiate price change after developing pricing strategies Because of different reasons, Price change could be a price cut or price increase. Initiating a Price Cut: KNs already set a low price for its product but it cuts price of its product if its sales will not increase accordingly, in that situation KNs will cut the price in order to increase sales and to capture market shares. Initiating a Price increase: Once KNs product achieved a position in a market and it sets a good image in the consumers mind and has a large number of potential buyers then KNs might increase its product price. But its aim is to give good quality product in an affordable price. KNs can initiate its product price when its product demand increases and KNs cannot supply according to the demand but INSHALLAH this situation will never come because KN’s has its own poultry and breeding farms. Buyer’s Reaction to Price Changes: Changing in price has a great effect on the consumers mind. They think that there should be some problem with the product so the company is decreasing its product price or the customers may interpret it as the company is closing its business and they will not offer this product in future. On the other hand price increase also affects the buyers in a way that they think that this product is unobtainable unless they buy it soon. They also think that the company is greedy and they are charging more prices for their product. Competitor’s Reaction to Price Changes: KNs is aggressive while changing its product price and has to change its product price according to the competitor’s product price. So KNs keeps its competitors into consideration before lowering or increasing its product prices. Responding to Price Change: If any of the competitors of KNs changes the prices it affects its sales. So KNs analyzes the change and react to it accordingly. Like if they low their price it will decrease its sales so KNs then adopts strategies to increase its sale by lowering its prices, giving discounts or improving quality of its products. PLACE Place include company activities that make the product available to the target customers. For customers, product and service should be as conveniently available as possible. This includes the strategies, how the organization is going to distribute the product or service to the end users. Distributing the right product at right time is the rule of thumb. Efficient and effective distribution is important to meet all the desired marketing objectives of the firm. If the firm is not understanding or underestimating the demand of the customers and customers are not getting the product due this negligence then it is going to affect the overall profitability of the firm in the long run. PLACE MIX DECISIONS: Place mix decisions include designing the strategies for the better availability of the product at the right time to the target customers to achieve organizational objectives. It comprises decisions about: †¢Channels †¢Coverage †¢Assortments †¢Locations †¢Inventory †¢Transportation †¢Logistics CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION: Channel of Distribution involves the routes of getting the product from the manufacturer to the ultimate consumer. These channels of distribution are also called intermediaries. There are many types of intermediaries such as wholesalers, agents, retailers, the Internet, overseas distributors, direct marketing (from manufacturer to user without an intermediary), and many others. Types of channel of distribution: There are two types of channel of distribution of the products or services available. †¢Indirect distribution: it involves the distribution of the product by the use of an intermediary for example selling the product to the wholesaler and then on the way to the retailers. Direct distribution: it involves the direct distribution of the product from the manufacturing concern to the consumer, without involvement of any third party or middle men. There is an advantage of direct distribution over indirect distribution that the manufacturer gains complete control over the consumer. The following figures depict the two types of channel distribution. INDIRECT CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION DIRECT CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION Distribution strategies: Depending on the types of the product, there are three major types of channel of distribution strategies available. . Extensive distribution: It is commonly used to distribute low priced or impulse purchase products e. g. chocolates and sweets etc. 2. Selective distribution: Here a small number of retail outlets are chosen to distribute the product. Selective distribution is common with products such as computers, televisions household appliances, where consumers are willing to shop around and where manufacturers want a large geographical spread. 3. Exclusive distribution: It involves limiting distribution to a single outlet. The product is usually highly priced, and requires the intermediary to place much detail in its sell. An example of would be the sale of vehicles through exclusive dealers. If the manufacturer decides to choose selective or exclusive distribution, then it must select an experienced, creditable and renowned intermediary. COVERAGE: Number of active retail and/or wholesale outlets (relative to a saturation level) that sell a specific firm’s brands in a given market. Required market coverage is achieved by following concentrated marketing, differentiated marketing, or undifferentiated marketing strategy. Concentrated marketing: Concentrated marketing or niche marketing is market-coverage strategy in which a firm goes after a large share of one or a few segments niches. It appeals to the marketers when company resources are limited. Through niche marketing, the firm achieves a strong market position because of its greater knowledge of consumer needs in the niches it serves and a special reputation it acquires. It can market more effectively by fine tuning its products prices and programs to the needs of carefully defined segment. It can also market efficiently, targeting its products or services, channels and communications programs toward only consumers that it can serve best and most profitably. It is highly profitable but at same time provides with greater than normal risks as companies solely depend on fewer segments for their business and large competitors can enter the same segment with greater resources. Differentiated marketing: Differentiated or segmented marketing is market -coverage strategy in which a firm decides to target several market segments and designs separate offers for each. By offering product and marketing variations, companies hope to get higher sales and strong position in each market segment. But there is a drawback that differentiated marketing for each segment bears a lot of cost to satisfy each target segment’s customers. Developing separate marketing plans for the separate segments requires extra marketing research, forecasting, sales analysis, promotion planning, and channel management. Mass marketing: The marketing strategy that provides an opportunity to the organizations to appeal to a wide variety of potential customer is mass marketing or undifferentiated marketing. Here a firm ignores the market differences and go after the whole market with another. The idea is to broadcast the message to the largest number of people possible. Mass marketing creates the largest potential market that yields to lower cost as it focuses on high sales and low prices. Typically, things which are perceived to necessary or essential to the consumer are subject to mass marketing. On the contrary, mass marketing fails to satisfy all consumer needs and face trouble to compete other firms following better marketing approaches. ASSORTMENTS: Assortment means the group or collection of products and services offered in the market for sale. It refers to the variety of the offering being available in the market according to the customer’s demand. Role of channel members: Channel members play a vital role in assorting the quantity and variety of the products according to the market and consumer’s needs. Producers use these intermediaries because they create greater efficiency in making goods available to the target markets. Through their contacts, market insight and scale of operation, they transform the assortments of the products made by the producers into assortments wanted by consumers. Producers make narrow assortments of the products in large quantities, but consumers want broad assortments of the products in small quantities. Marketing channel members buy larger quantities of the products from the producers and break them into smaller quantities and broader assortments wanted by consumers. So, intermediaries play an important role in matching the supply and demand in the market. LOCATIONS: The location for the sale of the product is analogous to distribution center. A distribution center for a set of products is a warehouse or other specialized building, often with refrigeration or air conditioning, which is stocked with products (goods) to be re-distributed to retailers, to wholesalers or directly to consumers†¦ A distribution center can also be called a warehouse, a DC, a fulfillment center, a cross-dock facility, a bulk break center, and a package handling center. The name by which the distribution center is known is commonly based on the purpose of the operation. Distribution centers are the foundation of a â€Å"supply network† as they allow a single location to stock a vast number of products. Some organizations operate both retail distribution and direct-to-consumer out of a single facility, sharing space, equipment, labor resources and inventory as applicable. How a distribution center operates? The way a typical retail distribution network operates is to have centers set up throughout a commercial market. Suppliers will ship truckloads of products to the distribution center. The distribution center will then store the product until needed by the retail location and ship the proper quantity. Many retailers own and run their own distribution networks, while smaller retailers may outsource this function to dedicated logistics firms that coordinate the distribution of products for a number of companies. A distribution center can be co-located at a logistics center. Storage at distribution center: Another important secondary role of distribution center is storage. Many retailers have prioritized having as many items in stock at one time as possible. To conserve space, minimize inventory costs, and maximize the variety they offer the retail might only stock one or a few items of a particular product. This requires the ability to ship a replacement quickly once an item is sold. By keeping product on hand in the distribution center, the retailer can ship a replacement almost immediately after a product is sold. Storage location and storage containers: Goods (products) arrive and are stored in a distribution center in varying types of storage locations and containers suited to the product characteristics and the amount of product to be transported or stored. These types of locations and containers have specific industry accepted names. There are specialized and various types of containers. The following is a list of some of the names and characteristics of common storage containers: †¢Intermodal containers (shipping containers) – are used for the efficient transportation of goods. There are standards that specify the volume and dimensions of containers to facilitate efficient handling. †¢Pallets- are one of the most commonly used means to store and move product in a distribution center. Pallets are stored on the floor, may be stacked, and may be stored in pallet rack. †¢Gaylord’s- are large single boxes usually connected or attached to a pallet. Cases and Cartons- are boxes usually containing many items. In distribution centers there is a generally accepted distinction made between the terms carton and case although both are boxes. Goods are received and stored in cartons. Goods are shipped in cases. A stored carton is called a case once it has been picked or pulled for shipment. †¢Totes- are reusable containers used to hold and transp ort goods. INVENTORY: Inventory or stock means a list compiled for some formal purpose, a list of goods and materials to the goods and materials themselves, especially those held available in stock by a business. Manufacturers’, distributors’, and wholesalers’ inventory tends to cluster in warehouses. Retailers’ inventory may exist in a warehouse or in a shop or store accessible to customers. Reasons for keeping stock: There are three basic reasons for keeping an inventory: 1. Time – The time lags present in the supply chain, from supplier to user at every stage, requires that you maintain certain amounts of inventory to use in this â€Å"lead time. † 2. Uncertainty – Inventories are maintained as buffers to meet uncertainties in demand, supply and movements of goods. 3. Economies of scale – Ideal condition of â€Å"one unit at a time at a place where a user needs it, when he needs it† principle tends to incur lots of costs in terms of logistics. So bulk buying, movement and storing brings in economies of scale, thus inventory. While the reasons for holding stock were covered earlier, most manufacturing organizations usually divide their â€Å"goods for sale† inventory into: †¢Raw materials- materials and components scheduled for use in making a product. †¢Work in process, WIP- materials and components that have begun their transformation to finished goods. Finished goods- goods ready for sale to customers. †¢Goods for resale – returned goods that are salable. Inventory management: Inventory management involves a retailer seeking to acquire and maintain a proper merchandise assortment while ordering, shipping, handling, and related costs are kept in check. Systems and processes that identify inventory requir ements, set targets, provide replenishment techniques and report actual and projected inventory status. The improvement of inventory management has two parts: the capability of the organization to manage inventory, and the way in which it chooses to do so. For example, a company may wish to install a complex inventory system, but unless there is a good understanding of the role of inventory and its parameters, and an effective business process to support that, the system cannot bring the necessary benefits to the organization in isolation. Management of the inventories, with the primary objective of determining/controlling stock levels within the physical distribution function to balance the need for product availability against the need for minimizing stock holding and handling costs. TRANSPORTATION: Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transportation infrastructure: Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. LOGISTICS: Logistics can be classified as an enterprise planning framework for material management, information, service and capital flows. In the words, logistics can be defined as having the right type of product or service at the right place, at the right time, for a right price and in the right condition. The primary goal of the logistics is to effectively manage the product life cycles and resultant efficiency. Logistics does not mean a single work activity but refers to a group of activities performed to attain the goal of a business enterprise that is maximizing the Profits. This may involve steps like purchasing, planning, coordination, transportation, warehousing, distribution and customer service. Logistics management: Logistics management is that part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer and legal requirements. A professional working in the field of logistics management is called a logistician. Logistics management is known by many names, the most common are as follows: †¢Materials Management †¢Channel Management †¢Distribution (or Physical Distribution) †¢Business or Logistics Management or †¢Supply Chain Management PLACE MIX_K: K chicken products are available at K Chicken Stores and leading retailers and also delivered to quality and food-safety conscious institutions such as hotels, restaurants, airlines, clubs and international restaurant chains. It has a strong supply chain through its distribution channels. In Pakistan K is operating in more than 35 cities. There is very diversity in its distribution. We take the example of Islamabad city . In Islamabad there are many stores as well as retailers in every sector, and only in I-8 there is one K store and 17 retailer’s shops. DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCT: After the development of product, product should be distributed into the market for the satisfaction and attraction of our consumers. The products play a vital role in the availability of their services to attract the customers. How to Distribute Product to Retailers: K follows the following ways to distribute product to retailers: †¢Sell Directly to Retailers Sell through distributors, which sell a broad range of products to many retailers †¢Sell through captive distributors, which sell a broad range of products to one chain of retailers. †¢Sell through distributors, which sell to targeted customers. Distribution Channel of Product: The distribution channel of our product is indirect marketing channel because this channe l contains one or more intermediary levels. Cities in which products are available: In Pakistan, K chicken is available in the following cities. Abbottabad, Bahawalpur, Chakwal, Chiniot, Daska, D. G. han, Dharki, Dina, Faisalabad, Farooqabad, Gujar Khan, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Jaranwala, Jhelum, Kabirwala, Kamra, Karachi, Khanewal, Kharian, Lahore, Lalamusa, Larkana, Machi ghot , Mangla, Mansehra, Mardan, MirpurAJK, Mirpur Methelo, Mirpurkhas, Multan, Murree, Noshehroferoz, Nawabshah, Noshehra, Okara, Panu Aqil, Peshawar, Pitaro, Quetta, Raiwind, Rawalpindi, Rahimyarkhan, Risalpur, Sadiqabad, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Shorkot, Sialkot, Sukkar, Tandoadam and Wah cant. Promotion Strategies: Promotion is the activity in which the company has a chance to interact with its customers. To Promote K uses different promotional tools. These tools include advertisements, sale promotions, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing. Advertisements: It uses informative advertising because it is mostly used when introducing a new product. The objective of it is to build primary demand. It will use the persuasive advertising when it has a competition in the market. Sales Promotions: In sales promotions it uses different discount strategies, giving short term incentives in order to increase its sales. It also introduces sponsorships, memberships and discount coupons. Memberships: K also offers memberships to its customers. The K’s Way Club membership is free. One can enroll by just filling the form, click submit and simply print the Temporary Card. Temporary card: Having enrolled as a new club member, you can use your Temporary card to earn points with immediate effect. Please remember to always present this Temporary Card while shopping at KN’s Chicken Store for point’s credit into your club account. Club card and pin: Along with your club Member card, you will also receive a 5-digit PIN (Personal Identification Number). You will need this PIN (along with your club card number) to enquire about your account balance; update your individual club profile online, and for all other club online services. As a new member, it is important to know you cannot use our online services, nor redeem your points, until you have received your PIN. One can also enroll oneself by filling out the Enrolment Form available at all KN’s Chicken Stores and send it to the company. One has to detach The K’s Way Club Temporary Card and retain it. After becoming the member, KN’s offers different discounts, exclusive privileges and other benefits to its members when they collect points. The more they collect, the more they benefit. As a member every time you shop at any KN’s Chicken Store in Pakistan, you earn valuable points which can be redeemed for free KN’s products. Number of points: Number of points earned is directly related to purchase amount, K product category and your status within The K’s Way Club. You earn 2. 50 status and award points for every Rs. 0/- spent on Whole Chicken, Designer Cuts and By-Parts. For Boneless products you earn 3. 50 points, while for Ready-to-Cook, Fully Cooked and Deli Line Products you earn 5 points for the same amount spent. Your club status determines whether you will be able to enjoy additional benefits and privileges associated with Silver, Gold or Circle status within The KN’s W ay Club Program. Award points: Award points are earned every time you shop at a KN’s Chicken Store. As the name suggests, award points can be exchanged for awards, such as free KN’s products and special discounts. Award points can also be earned against special K’s product offers and promotions from time to time. Award points do not count towards determining club status. Status points: Status points are earned simultaneously with award points every time you shop at a KN’s Chicken Store. As the name suggests, status points determine club status and enable you to move towards and/or retain the higher Silver, Gold or Circle status. Certain limited time promotions or special offers may be excluded from status points’ accrual. Executive bonus: A higher status of Silver, Gold or Circle within the Club also entitles you to an Executive Bonus on award points earned, even for the same purchase amount. If you have Silver status, you earn 25%. Gold status entitles you to 50%, while Circle status gives you 100% Executive Bonus. Executive Bonus is not applicable on Status Points. Member: Once you have reached 50 status points KN’s welcomes you as a permanent Member of The KN’s Way Club where a world of privileges, attractive awards and benefits are offered to the customers on their future shopping. Silver: Attaining Silver status is easy and within reach. To start with, a customer has to earn 25% Executive Bonus award points on every purchase he makes, and enjoy a host of other privileges designed for the Silver members. Gold: A customer has to earn required number of status points and he gets the Gold status The K’s Way Gold members get as much as 50% Executive Bonus award points on purchases, 6 discount eVouchers in a calendar year for attaining or extending the status each time, and other privileges designed only for the Gold members. Circle: The KN’s Way Circle status recognizes the loyalty of the exceptional customers. It offers these privileges as an expression of their utmost appreciation for the loyalty of their exclusive ‘circle’ of such customers. For instance, if a customer treats himself to 100% Executive Bonus award points on his purchases, 12 discount eVouchers in a calendar year for attaining or maintaining the status each time and other privileges designed exclusively for their Circle members. Personal Selling It also promotes its product through personal selling. Personal selling is more effective than any other promotion strategy. Through personal communication, it is easy to persuade someone to buy your product, because in personal selling there is a direct contact with the buyers. Public Relations: To increase its sales it also ties good public relations. KN’s develops its public relation by doing the work of social responsibility, like wishing happy Eid or wishing any other special event to the customers. Through Public relations it also creates a good word of mouth for the product which is the most efficient way of promoting a product. Direct Marketing: In direct marketing KN’s targets its customers through internet, telephone, print media and electronic media (television and radio). Print Media: It promotes its product through print media by advertising its product in newspapers and in different magazines. KN’s adopts this type of advertising when it wants to introduce some new discount packages or sales offers. Other then advertising in newspapers and in magazines it also advertises its product on bill boards and banners. Electronic Media: To promote its product through electronic media KN’s advertises its product on different television channels and on radio stations. To make its product information more convenient and easy it provides its website and 24 hours toll free numbers, through which the customers can contact and also give feedback about the product. The website of KN’s is http://www. kandns. com Promotion for kids: To make its products favorite among kids, KN’s introduced a product called â€Å"Fun Nuggets†. It has designed special advertisements for children. As kids are more attracted by cartoons, KN’s has used cartoon characters like dinosaurs, dolphins and ducks and have given them special names like Din Din, Dolf and Ducky to make their products familiar with kids. KN’s Cooking show: To promote its product, KN’s has now brought a dedicated cooking show for quick recipes with answers to all viewers’ ‘how do you do that’ questions, and helpful tips – all at Smart Cooking with K’s! Chef Mehboob Khan is the name consumers trust and count on for reliable and tasteful recipes. People can now watch him use a wide range of KN’s chicken products for easy-to-prepare recipes like Lahori Karahi, Chicken Ala Kiev, or Fajita Wraps. Smart Cooking with KN’s is aired on every Saturday 6:30pm, Sunday 4:00pm and Wednesday 2:00pm, on ARY Zauq. In this winter, to promote its products, K has now offered discounts on its products like Croquettes and chapli kabab. Similarly, in Ramazan, K offered its members to get 50% bonus award points on all of its products. In the same way, it had offered its members price discounts on Haray Bharay Nuggets and Tender Pops in Ramazan. Other then the print and electronic media the cheapest way to promote the product is through Short messaging service: They have a contract with different cellular companies where they will send K promotional messages to their special numbers. K face book page: K has also created face book page. Now-a-days, many companies, designers and artists are making their fan pages on face book for the advertisements of their products. People go on these pages, learn about the products, give their comments, resolve their queries and recommend these pages to their friends. In the same way, K has made its face book page to advertise its products. Its face book link is: http://www. facebook. com/pages/KNs-Chicken/120891524596651 Promotion Budget: To allocate budget for the promotion strategies K uses objective and task method. According to this method first it defines its promotion objectives, that why are they promoting their product? After that they determine different tasks to accomplish those objectives and at the end they estimate the cost utilized in performing these tasks. PRODUCT POSITIONING It is the evaluation of a company’s product’s position that what place it occupies in the market and how customers differentiate it from other products. Choosing positioning strategy To position the product different companies use different positioning strategies. Major competitors: Major competitors of K and N are †¢Kitchen confidence. †¢Mano Salva, †¢ seasons canola`s menu †¢Locally available chicken Kitchen Confidence basically produces frozen products like Chicken Nuggets. Burger Patties, Meat balls, Samosa,Rolls etc. Recently co. has started non frozen item i. e. Bread Crumbs. Salwa Foods offers an assortment of deep frozen food products for both retailers and food service. The assortment ranges from basic standard products to highly refined ready-made products. Salwa foods have launched its ready to cook items under the name of Mano Salwa. Season’s canola has launched its range of ready to cook food items with the name of menu. But the largest of the competitors that was a challenge to K and N was the locally available chicken in the market. It had the stereotypic advantage of being truly Halal and cheap than any kind of chicken available in packets in frozen form. Competitive Advantages Following are the competitive advantages that make it different K N from rest of its competitors. Product Differentiation: We offer a pack of four. Each separately wrapped in butter paper, combined packed in sealed plastic bags that are safe for health, and then finally packed in the box. Service Differentiation: Our product will be accessible and will be available at every outlet of K. Channel differentiation: In Pakistan K is operating in more than 35 cities. There is very diversity in its distribution. We take the example of Islamabad city . In Islamabad there are many stores as well as retailers in every sector, and only in I-8 there is one K store and 17retailer’s shops. People differentiation: Technology is highly involved in the production so we will hire trained staff, those who knows how to operate the machines. We also hire qualified staff in order to guarantee healthy relationship between customers and retailers. Image differentiation: Since our product comes under K brand name hence a good image will be casted over the consumers. Also K is a symbol of quality; hence will automatically be recognized as a quality product. Product Chain K are enjoying their own product chain. They have their own breading and poultry forms, from where they get there raw material for their product. Choosing the right competitive advantage †¢Important: We deliver highly valued benefits to our target customers in our products. †¢Distinctive: we have no strong competitor and enjoy distinctiveness in the market. †¢Superior: we are providing pure hygienic food in at comparable prices. †¢Communicable: the consumers can feel the difference in our quality, taste, hygiene and prices that are communicable. Preemptive: competitor needs a lot and lot of hard work to match our standard else it is not possible. †¢Affordable: Buyer can afford to pay for the difference. †¢Profitable: the difference is profitable both for the company and the customers. Selecting an overall positioning strategy Our overall positioning strategy will be focused on More for Less winning value proposition i. e. will offer more qu ality at less price range and we will focus on the needs and wants of target customers in order to give high customer value and satisfaction POSITIONING STATEMENT To target the teenagers, working women, hostilities and bachelors, we offer, a ready to eat hot and spicy paratha, with high quality, affordability and accessibility. Conclusion We have come to a conclusion that K is the most superior and famous quality delivering company. Its Promotion through advertising is highly frequent on different TV channels. It has differentiated itself from its competitors by having highly trained sales person with different discount allowances and coupons. It has developed strong bonds with its customers. It How to cite K Final Report, Essay examples

Can Personality Be Changed free essay sample

The paper is very well conducted in my opinion because hey have looked at the in-between part of personality by examining acquired and changeable beliefs. They have seen that they underlie many patterns of adaptive functioning, and that they have unique implications for understanding personality development and personality change. There are a few different things that we have learned so far that support Dwecks argument. In chapter 3 page 42, it talks about Moral Development and how it changes the ability to decide whats right and whats wrong. When someone has to make decisions they go by whats best for them and the way they chose whats best or them is by what their personality can handle. In chapter 3 page 43 it says that in adolescence they go through physiological changes where the conflict with parents increase, they have mood swings, depressions becomes a factor, they encounter rule breaking behavior, and their peers become important. We will write a custom essay sample on Can Personality Be Changed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So during that age period is when the peers have a big influence on a teenagers personality. Although there are many thing that I have learned that supports Dwecks argument there are also things that contradict her argument. On page 42 chapter 3 it states that people ages 12 and bove are capable of abstract thinking, comparing and classifying ideas, and thinking about future possibilities. So in those ages they tend to have a mind of their own and are less influenced by the people they are around. On august 7, 2010 they did a study on how personality is genetically enhanced. So with personality being passed down genetically its always in your genes and that it will be a part of you forever. If personality can be changed then how can it be in your genes? Personality is a personal trait that developed by your personal behaviors and utlooks on things. I personally like this article because I can relate to it. Being a teenager myself I notice how peers can have the biggest impact on how I may feel sometimes or may want to respond to certain situations. I also know that some people change around the different groups they hang around with. I know that the way people may act or boss, or parents. I personally dont agree with the article that personality can be changed I think your personality cant change I feel that you Just grow to be more mature and can determine whats right and what wrong.